Abemaciclib as adjuvant treatment for high-risk early breast cancer. / [Artículo traducido] Abemaciclib en adyuvancia para el tratamiento del cáncer de mama precoz de alto riesgo.

OBJECTIVE: To adapt the GHEMA report of abemaciclib, an inhibitor of cyclin-dependent kinases 4 and 6. European Medicines Agency authorisation (April 2022) includes, in combination with endocrine therapy, the adjuvant treatment of adult patients with hormone receptor positive, human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 negative, node-positive, early breast cancer at high risk of recurrence. METHOD: The efficacy and safety of abemaciclib were evaluated in a randomized, open-label and multicenter phase III study. A total of 5,637 patients diagnosed with early breast cancer with hormone receptor positive, human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 negative, node positive and high risk of recurrence were included. High risk was defined as patients with 4 or more positive axillary lymph nodes, or 1-3positive axillary lymph nodes and at least one of the following: tumor size ≥5 cm, histologic grade 3 or Ki-67 ≥ 20%. Patients were randomized (1:1) to receive adjuvant abemaciclib + endocrine therapy (n = 2,808) or endocrine therapy alone (n = 2,829) for 2 years, with endocrine therapy prescribed for at least 5 years. RESULTS: With a median follow-up of 15.5 months, abemaciclib + endocrine therapy demonstrated a statistically significant improvement in invasive disease-free survival versus endocrine therapy alone (HR = 0.747 [95% CI 0.598-0.932], p = 0.0096); achieving an absolute improvement of 3.5% invasive disease-free survival rate at 2-years. These results were maintained, with a median follow-up of 27.7 months: absolute improvement of 2.7% and 5.4% in invasive disease-free survival rate at 2 and 3-years, respectively. All-causality grade 3 or 4 adverse events were 45.9% for abemaciclib and 12.9% for endocrine therapy, and included neutropenia (19.6% vs. 0.8%), leukopenia (11.4% vs. 0.4%) and diarrhea (7.8% vs. 0.2%). CONCLUSIONS: The results of the pivotal trial are sufficient to consider abemaciclib as adjuvant treatment for high-risk early breast cancer in highly selected patients. However, in order to the efficacy results present less uncertainty, we must wait for a evaluation later, in which we can have a mature determination at 3 years (with more patients at risk).

Three-Year Survival in a Cohort of Women with Breast Cancer from an Insurance Company in Cali, 2017-2020 / SUPERVIVENCIA A TRES AÑOS EN UNA COHORTE DE MUJERES CON CÁNCER DE MAMA DE UNA ASEGURADORA EN CALI 2017-2020

INTRODUCTION: Breast cancer, in particular, is a significant concern in public health due to its high mortality rate. This research focuses on understanding the factors related to the 3-year survival of women with breast cancer in Cali, contributing to addressing this health challenge. OBJECTIVE: To determine the socio-demographic, clinical, and healthcare-related factors associated with the 3-year survival of women with breast cancer affiliated with an insurance provider in Cali from 2017 to 2020. This study aims to generate scientific evidence for decision-making within the insurance provider and the region. METHODOLOGY: A study was conducted in women with breast cancer in Cali to identify factors linked to 3-year survival. Data from a cohort of women with breast cancer affiliated with an insurance provider were analyzed, applying inclusion and exclusion criteria. Socio-demographic, clinical, and healthcare-related factors were assessed. Data were collected from secondary sources and analyzed to determine variables associated with survival. Ethical and confidentiality considerations were adhered to throughout the process. RESULTS: The most significant finding of our study, based on a three-year follow-up of 140 women with breast cancer, is the alarming mortality rate of 21.4%. We emphasize the importance of diagnosing the disease at its early stages, which can make a difference in the survival and prognosis of patients. CONCLUSION: The study highlights the high vulnerability of the cohort of women with breast cancer affiliated with the insurance provider. Although a longer survival time was observed in certain groups, the mortality rate remains significant.

INTRODUCCIÓN: El cáncer de mama, en particular, es una preocupación significativa en la salud pública debido a su alta mortalidad. Esta investigación se centra en comprender los factores relacionados con la supervivencia a 3 años de mujeres con cáncer de mama en Cali, contribuyendo a abordar este desafío de salud. OBJETIVO: determinar los factores socio demográficos, clínicos y de atención en salud asociados a la supervivencia a 3 años de mujeres con cáncer de mama afiliadas a una aseguradora en Cali 2017-2020, generando evidencia científica para la toma de decisiones tanto en la aseguradora como en la región. METODOLOGIA: Se realizó un estudio en mujeres con cáncer de mama en Cali para identificar factores vinculados a la supervivencia a 3 años. Se analizaron datos de una cohorte de mujeres con cáncer de mama afiliadas a una aseguradora, aplicando criterios de inclusión y exclusión. Se evaluaron factores sociodemográficos, clínicos y de atención en salud. Los datos se recopilaron de fuentes secundarias y se analizaron para determinar las variables relacionadas con la supervivencia. Se cumplieron consideraciones éticas y de confidencialidad en el proceso. RESULTADOS: El hallazgo más significativo de nuestro estudio, basado en un seguimiento de tres años a 140 mujeres con cáncer de mama, es la alarmante tasa de mortalidad del 21.4%. Destacamos la importancia de diagnosticar la enfermedad en sus estadios iniciales, lo que puede marcar la diferencia en la supervivencia y el pronóstico de las pacientes. CONCLUSION: Estudio destaca la alta vulnerabilidad de la cohorte de mujeres con cáncer de mama afiliadas a la EAPB. Aunque se observó un mayor tiempo de supervivencia en ciertos grupos, la tasa de mortalidad sigue siendo significativa.

La artroplastia total de rodilla en pacientes con enfermedad de Parkinson es efectiva. Evaluación funcional y análisis de complicaciones / Total knee arthroplasty is effective in patients with Parkinson's disease. Functional assessment and analysis of complications

Introducción: Gracias a las mejoras en el tratamiento médico de la enfermedad de Parkinson (EP), la esperanza de vida de estos pacientes ha aumentado. Los resultados generales después de la artroplastia total de rodilla (ATR) son controvertidos. Nuestro objetivo es analizar una serie de pacientes con EP, evaluando su estado clínico, resultados funcionales, complicaciones y tasas de supervivencia después de la ATR. Métodos: Se estudiaron retrospectivamente 31 pacientes con EP operados entre 2014-2020. La edad media fue de 71 años (DE±5,8). Había 16 pacientes mujeres. El seguimiento medio fue de 68,2 meses (DE±36). Se utilizó el Knee Scoring System (KSS) y la escala visual analógica (EVA) para la evaluación funcional. Se utilizó la escala modificada de Hoehn y Yahr para evaluar la gravedad de la EP. Se registraron todas las complicaciones y se realizaron curvas de supervivencia. Resultados: La evaluación media postoperatoria del KSS tuvo un aumento de 40 puntos (35 [DE±15] vs. 75 [DE±15] [p<0,001]). La media de EVA postoperatoria disminuyó 5 puntos (8 [DE±2] vs. 3 [DE±2] [p<0,001]). Trece pacientes informaron estar muy satisfechos, 13 estaban satisfechos y solo 5 estaban poco satisfechos. Siete pacientes sufrieron complicaciones quirúrgicas y 4 tuvieron inestabilidad rotuliana recurrente. Con una media de 68,2 meses de seguimiento, la tasa de supervivencia global fue del 93,5%. Al considerar el rescate rotuliano secundario como punto final, la tasa de supervivencia fue del 80,6%. Conclusiones: En este estudio, la ATR se asoció con muy buenos resultados funcionales en pacientes con EP. A una media de 68,2 meses de seguimiento, la ATR tuvo una buena supervivencia a corto plazo, siendo la inestabilidad rotuliana recurrente la complicación más frecuente. Aunque estos hallazgos confirman la efectividad de la ATR en esta población, se necesita una evaluación clínica exhaustiva y un enfoque multidisciplinario para disminuir la probabilidad de complicaciones.(AU)

Introduction: Thanks to improvements in the medical treatment of Parkinson's disease (PD), the life expectancy of these patients has increased, but the overall outcome after total knee arthroplasty (TKA) is controversial. We aim to analyse a series of patients with PD, evaluating their clinical status, functional results, complications and survival rates after TKA. Methods: We retrospectively studied 31 patients with PD operated between 2014-2020. The mean age was 71 years (SD±5.8). There were 16 female patients. The mean follow-up was 68.2 months (SD±36). We used the Knee Scoring System (KSS) and the Visual Analog Scale (VAS) for the functional evaluation. The Modified Hoehn and Yahr Scale was used to assess the severity of PD. All complications were recorded, and survival curves were performed. Results: The mean postoperative KSS evaluation had an increase of 40 points [35 (SD±15) vs 75 (SD±15) (P<.001)]. The mean postoperative VAS decreased 5 points [8 (SD±2) vs 3 (SD±2) (P<.001)]. Thirteen patients reported being very satisfied, 13 were satisfied, and only 5 were poorly satisfied. Seven patients suffered surgical complications, and 4 patients had recurrent patellar instability. At a mean 68.2 months follow-up, the overall survival rate was 93.5%. When considering the secondary patellar resurfacing as the endpoint, the survival rate was 80.6%. Conclusions: In this study, TKA was associated with excellent functional outcomes in patients with PD. At a mean 68.2 months follow-up, TKA had excellent survivorship in the short term, with recurrent patellar instability as the most common complication. Even though these findings confirm the effectiveness of TKA in this population, a thorough clinical evaluation and multidisciplinary approach are needed to decrease the likelihood of complications.(AU)

[Translated article] Total knee arthroplasty is effective in patients with Parkinson's disease. Functional assessment and analysis of complications / La artroplastia total de rodilla en pacientes con enfermedad de Parkinson es efectiva. Evaluación funcional y análisis de complicaciones

Introducción: Gracias a las mejoras en el tratamiento médico de la enfermedad de Parkinson (EP), la esperanza de vida de estos pacientes ha aumentado. Los resultados generales después de la artroplastia total de rodilla (ATR) son controvertidos. Nuestro objetivo es analizar una serie de pacientes con EP, evaluando su estado clínico, resultados funcionales, complicaciones y tasas de supervivencia después de la ATR. Métodos: Se estudiaron retrospectivamente 31 pacientes con EP operados entre 2014-2020. La edad media fue de 71 años (DE±5,8). Había 16 pacientes mujeres. El seguimiento medio fue de 68,2 meses (DE±36). Se utilizó el Knee Scoring System (KSS) y la escala visual analógica (EVA) para la evaluación funcional. Se utilizó la escala modificada de Hoehn y Yahr para evaluar la gravedad de la EP. Se registraron todas las complicaciones y se realizaron curvas de supervivencia. Resultados: La evaluación media postoperatoria del KSS tuvo un aumento de 40 puntos (35 [DE±15] vs. 75 [DE±15] [p<0,001]). La media de EVA postoperatoria disminuyó 5 puntos (8 [DE±2] vs. 3 [DE±2] [p<0,001]). Trece pacientes informaron estar muy satisfechos, 13 estaban satisfechos y solo 5 estaban poco satisfechos. Siete pacientes sufrieron complicaciones quirúrgicas y 4 tuvieron inestabilidad rotuliana recurrente. Con una media de 68,2 meses de seguimiento, la tasa de supervivencia global fue del 93,5%. Al considerar el rescate rotuliano secundario como punto final, la tasa de supervivencia fue del 80,6%. Conclusiones: En este estudio, la ATR se asoció con muy buenos resultados funcionales en pacientes con EP. A una media de 68,2 meses de seguimiento, la ATR tuvo una buena supervivencia a corto plazo, siendo la inestabilidad rotuliana recurrente la complicación más frecuente. Aunque estos hallazgos confirman la efectividad de la ATR en esta población, se necesita una evaluación clínica exhaustiva y un enfoque multidisciplinario para disminuir la probabilidad de complicaciones.(AU)

Introduction: Thanks to improvements in the medical treatment of Parkinson's disease (PD), the life expectancy of these patients has increased, but the overall outcome after total knee arthroplasty (TKA) is controversial. We aim to analyse a series of patients with PD, evaluating their clinical status, functional results, complications and survival rates after TKA. Methods: We retrospectively studied 31 patients with PD operated between 2014-2020. The mean age was 71 years (SD±5.8). There were 16 female patients. The mean follow-up was 68.2 months (SD±36). We used the Knee Scoring System (KSS) and the Visual Analog Scale (VAS) for the functional evaluation. The Modified Hoehn and Yahr Scale was used to assess the severity of PD. All complications were recorded, and survival curves were performed. Results: The mean postoperative KSS evaluation had an increase of 40 points [35 (SD±15) vs 75 (SD±15) (P<.001)]. The mean postoperative VAS decreased 5 points [8 (SD±2) vs 3 (SD±2) (P<.001)]. Thirteen patients reported being very satisfied, 13 were satisfied, and only 5 were poorly satisfied. Seven patients suffered surgical complications, and 4 patients had recurrent patellar instability. At a mean 68.2 months follow-up, the overall survival rate was 93.5%. When considering the secondary patellar resurfacing as the endpoint, the survival rate was 80.6%. Conclusions: In this study, TKA was associated with excellent functional outcomes in patients with PD. At a mean 68.2 months follow-up, TKA had excellent survivorship in the short term, with recurrent patellar instability as the most common complication. Even though these findings confirm the effectiveness of TKA in this population, a thorough clinical evaluation and multidisciplinary approach are needed to decrease the likelihood of complications.(AU)

[Translated article] Total knee arthroplasty is effective in patients with Parkinson's disease. Functional assessment and analysis of complications.

INTRODUCTION: Thanks to improvements in the medical treatment of Parkinson's disease (PD), the life expectancy of these patients has increased, but the overall outcome after total knee arthroplasty (TKA) is controversial. We aim to analyse a series of patients with PD, evaluating their clinical status, functional results, complications and survival rates after TKA. METHODS: We retrospectively studied 31 patients with PD operated between 2014 and 2020. The mean age was 71 years (SD±5.8). There were 16 female patients. The mean follow-up was 68.2 months (SD±36). We used the knee scoring system (KSS) and the visual analogue scale (VAS) for the functional evaluation. The modified Hoehn and Yahr scale was used to assess the severity of PD. All complications were recorded, and survival curves were performed. RESULTS: The mean postoperative KSS evaluation had an increase of 40 points [35 (SD±15) vs 75 (SD±15) (p<.001)]. The mean postoperative VAS decreased 5 points [8 (SD±2) vs 3 (SD±2) (p<.001)]. Thirteen patients reported being very satisfied, 13 were satisfied, and only 5 were poorly satisfied. Seven patients suffered surgical complications, and 4 patients had recurrent patellar instability. At a mean 68.2 months follow-up, the overall survival rate was 93.5%. When considering the secondary patellar resurfacing as the endpoint, the survival rate was 80.6%. CONCLUSIONS: In this study, TKA was associated with excellent functional outcomes in patients with PD. At a mean 68.2 months follow-up, TKA had excellent survivorship in the short term, with recurrent patellar instability as the most common complication. Even though these findings confirm the effectiveness of TKA in this population, a thorough clinical evaluation and multidisciplinary approach are needed to decrease the likelihood of complications.

Total knee arthroplasty is effective in patients with Parkinson's disease. Functional assessment and analysis of complications. / La artroplastia total de rodilla en pacientes con enfermedad de Parkinson es efectiva. Evaluación funcional y análisis de complicaciones.

INTRODUCTION: Thanks to improvements in the medical treatment of Parkinson's disease (PD), the life expectancy of these patients has increased, but the overall outcome after total knee arthroplasty (TKA) is controversial. We aim to analyse a series of patients with PD, evaluating their clinical status, functional results, complications and survival rates after TKA. METHODS: We retrospectively studied 31 patients with PD operated between 2014-2020. The mean age was 71 years (SD±5.8). There were 16 female patients. The mean follow-up was 68.2 months (SD±36). We used the Knee Scoring System (KSS) and the Visual Analog Scale (VAS) for the functional evaluation. The Modified Hoehn and Yahr Scale was used to assess the severity of PD. All complications were recorded, and survival curves were performed. RESULTS: The mean postoperative KSS evaluation had an increase of 40 points [35 (SD±15) vs 75 (SD±15) (P<.001)]. The mean postoperative VAS decreased 5 points [8 (SD±2) vs 3 (SD±2) (P<.001)]. Thirteen patients reported being very satisfied, 13 were satisfied, and only 5 were poorly satisfied. Seven patients suffered surgical complications, and 4 patients had recurrent patellar instability. At a mean 68.2 months follow-up, the overall survival rate was 93.5%. When considering the secondary patellar resurfacing as the endpoint, the survival rate was 80.6%. CONCLUSIONS: In this study, TKA was associated with excellent functional outcomes in patients with PD. At a mean 68.2 months follow-up, TKA had excellent survivorship in the short term, with recurrent patellar instability as the most common complication. Even though these findings confirm the effectiveness of TKA in this population, a thorough clinical evaluation and multidisciplinary approach are needed to decrease the likelihood of complications.

Hepatectomía asociada a resección venosa portal en colangiocarcinoma perihiliar / Hepatectomy associated with protal vein resection in perihilar cholangiocarcinoma

RESUMEN El colangiocarcinoma es una neoplasia infrecuente que, debido a su localización anatómica, plantea una dificultad técnica para su resolución quirúrgica. La cirugía en el colangiocarcinoma perihiliar sigue siendo el único tratamiento curativo con el que se consiguen las mejores tasas de supervivencia a los 5 años. La invasión de la vena porta conlleva la necesidad de asociar una resección portal y su correspondiente reconstrucción. Sin embargo, la invasión tumoral de la vena porta es, en la mayoría de los casos, un hallazgo intraoperatorio, por lo que es importante contar con opciones para eventuales reconstrucciones vasculares. A continuación presentamos un caso de resolución quirúrgica de colangiocarcinoma perihiliar con identificación intraoperatoria de compromiso portal.

ABSTRACT Cholangiocarcinoma is a rare neoplasm and a difficult challenge for the surgeon because of its anatomic location. Surgery remains the only curative option for perihilar cholangiocarcinoma with the best survival rates at 5 years. Portal vein invasion requires portal vein resection and its corresponding reconstruction. However, as portal vein invasion is an intraoperative finding in most cases it is important to count with options for in case vascular reconstructions are needed. We report a case of perihilar cholangiocarcinoma successfully treated with surgery with portal vein invasion identified intraoperatively.

Linfoma no Hodgkin primario de ovario: reporte de caso y revisión de la bibliografía / Primary ovarian non-Hodgkin lymphoma: case report and review of literature

Resumen INTRODUCCIÓN: Los linfomas no Hodgkin son un grupo heterogéneo de neoplasias hematolinfoides, de manifestación principal ganglionar; un pequeño porcentaje tiene un origen extra-ganglionar. Se han descrito algunos casos de linfomas no Hodgkin primarios de ovario y, en general, del conducto genitourinario femenino. Debido a su poca frecuencia suponen un reto diagnóstico, clínico y patológico. Se informa el caso de una paciente con linfoma no Hodgkin primario de ovario, a quien se le practicó citorreducción quirúrgica primaria y tratamiento coadyuvante con quimioterapia sistémica. Se revisa la bibliografía en torno a los criterios diagnósticos y el pronóstico de la enfermedad. CASO CLÍNICO: Paciente de 65 años, que acudió a consulta debido a un síndrome constitucional y síntomas irritativos urinarios; al ingreso tuvo signos vitales dentro de los parámetros de referencia y en el examen físico se encontraron: edema grado 2, bilateral, en los miembros inferiores y marcada palidez mucocutánea. Los estudios complementarios evidenciaron anemia microcítica hipocrómica heterogénea y trombocitosis. La resonancia magnética reportó la existencia de una masa anexial derecha, compleja, por lo que se practicó la citorreducción quirúrgica primaria. El estudio anatomopatológico reveló que se trataba de un linfoma no Hodgkin B primario de ovario. El tratamiento consistió en quimioterapia, con esquema R-CHOP. Diez meses después se estableció la curación de la enfermedad mediante estudios de imagen y pruebas de laboratorio. CONCLUSIONES: El linfoma no Hodgkin primario de ovario es una causa poco frecuente de afectación extraganglionar y se trata de un diagnóstico de exclusión, que requiere confirmación histopatológica. El pronóstico sugiere que la enfermedad confinada al ovario muestra una tasa de supervivencia global de 79% a 10 años. Se requieren estudios adicionales, que caractericen el pronóstico y el procedimiento diagnóstico de esta enfermedad.

Abstract INTRODUCTION: Non-Hodgkin's lymphomas are a heterogeneous group of neoplasms hematolymphoid, with main lymph node manifestation; a small percentage have an extra-nodal origin. Some cases of non-Hodgkin's lymphomas have been described.Primaries of the ovary and, in general, of the female genitourinary duct. Because of his they infrequently pose a diagnostic, clinical and pathological challenge. We report the case of a patient with primary ovarian non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, who underwent primary surgical cytoreduction and adjuvant treatment with systemic chemotherapy. The bibliography around the criteria is reviewed diagnosis and prognosis of the disease. CLINICAL CASE: A 65-years-old patient who presented constitutional syndrome and urinary irritative symptoms, her vital signs at the admission were normal, at the physical examination bilateral grade 2 edema in lower limbs and mucocutaneous paleness was observed, heterogeneous hypochromic microcytic anemia, thrombocytosis and also a right complex ovarian mass were documented during the hospitalization, for this reason was treated with primary surgical reduction, the histopathological result was Ovarian Primary Non Hodgkin B-cell Lymphoma, for that reason systemic adjuvant chemotherapy with R-CHOP scheme was initiated, at the ten month follow-up radiological and nuclear examinations were performed confirming the remission of the disease. CONCLUSIONS: Primary ovarian non-Hodgkin lymphoma is an unusual extra-nodular hematolymphoid neoplasm that requires a histopathological confirmation. The prognosis according to the literature review for the disease limited to the ovary has an overall survival rate of 79% to 10 years after diagnosis. More studies are required to characterize the prognosis and diagnostic approach of this entity.

Carcinoma adrenocortical: Presentación y desenlaces en una institución oncológica / Adrenocortical carcinoma: Presentation and outcomes at an oncological institute

Resumen Introducción: El carcinoma adrenocortical es una neoplasia endocrina infrecuente pero con un comportamiento altamente agresivo y pobre pronóstico. Dado su baja prevalencia, la experiencia de los centros de referencia es fundamental para aumentar el conocimiento de esta entidad. Métodos: Se elaboró una serie de casos de pacientes con carcinoma adrenocortical, tratados en una institución oncológica de referencia entre enero de 2007 y diciembre de 2017. Se describieron las características clínicas e histopatológicas de los pacientes. Se estimó el tiempo de supervivencia libre de progresión y el tiempo de supervivencia global (SG) de forma gráfica y con funciones de tiempo al evento mediante la función de Kaplan-Meier. Resultados: Se identificaron 19 pacientes, 14 de los cuales fueron mujeres con edad media al diagnóstico de 43.4 años (rango 20 - 65). El 58% de los pacientes tuvo secreción hormonal, siendo el síndrome de Cushing el predominante. 7 pacientes tuvieron compromiso metastásico al momento del diagnóstico. Todos los pacientes fueron llevados a adrenalectomía y el estado postquirúrgico en 10 pacientes fue R0. Al final del periodo de estudio, 11 pacientes estaban vivos. La mediana de supervivencia libre de progresión fue de 18 meses +/- 7.86 y la mediana de supervivencia global fue de 30 meses +/-19.80. Conclusión: En la población de pacientes analizada, se encontraron desenlaces de supervivencia libre de progresión y supervivencia global similares a lo reportado en centros de alta experiencia en patología adrenal.

Abstract Introduction: Adrenocortical carcinoma is a rare endocrine neoplasm, but with highly aggressive behavior and a poor prognosis. Given its low prevalence, the experience of reference centers is essential to characterize the factors associated with this disease. Methods: It is a case series of patients with adrenocortical carcinoma, treated at a reference oncology institute between January 2007 and December 2017. The clinical and histopathological characteristics of patients are described. Progression-free survival and overall survival (OS) were estimated graphically and with time-to-event data using the Kaplan-Meier function. Results: 19 patients were identified; 14 of them were women with a mean age at diagnosis of 43.4 years (range 20-65). 58% of the patients had hormone secretion, with Cushing's syndrome being the predominant one. 7 patients had metastatic compromise at the time of diagnosis. All patients underwent adrenalectomy, and R0 was the post-surgical status in 10 of them. At the end of the study period, 11 patients were alive. The median progression-free survival was 18 months +/- 7.86, and the median overall survival was 30 months +/- 19.8. Conclusion: In the analyzed patient population, outcomes of progression-free survival and overall survival were similar to that reported at centers with extensive experience in adrenal disease.

How can an infaunal brooding echinoid be maintained in the laboratory? A case study with Cassidulus mitis (Echinoidea: Cassiduloida)

Introduction: Cassiduloids play a prominent role in echinoid evolutionary history because they probably are the ancestral group of clypeasteroids. Some extant species are brooding and rare in the environment. Consequently, there are no studies on their maintenance in the laboratory. Objective: Establish an efficient aquarium system for C. mitis, endemic to Brazil, for ontogenetic studies. Methods: Four aquarium systems were built, with 3 replicates each one: (1) with seawater flow [F]; (2) with seawater flow and air injection into sediment [FA]; (3) without seawater flow but with air injection into the sediment [A]; and (4) without both seawater flow and air injection into the sediment [C]. Each experimental aquarium (three per treatment) had two adults. Each of the two sets of experiments lasted about 60 days. Results: We observed low mortality in the first 30 days in all systems and, after 30 days, it was higher in those with air-pumped into the sediment (system A in the first set of experiments, and system FA in the second one). Conclusions: For experiments lasting 30 days, our four systems are suitable. For longer periods, we recommend aquaria with seawater flow and without air-pumps into the sediment.

Introducción: Los casiduloides desempeñan un papel destacado en la historia evolutiva de los equinoides porque probablemente son el grupo ancestral de clipeasteroides. Algunas especies existentes son inquietantes y raras en el medio ambiente. En consecuencia, no existen estudios sobre su mantenimiento en laboratorio. Objetivo: Establecer un sistema de acuario eficiente para C. mitis, endémica de Brasil, para estudios ontogenéticos. Métodos: Se construyeron cuatro sistemas de acuarios, con 3 réplicas cada uno: (1) con flujo de agua de mar [F]; (2) con flujo de agua de mar e inyección de aire en el sedimento [FA]; (3) sin flujo de agua de mar pero con inyección de aire en el sedimento [A]; y (4) sin flujo de agua de mar ni inyección de aire en el sedimento [C]. Cada acuario experimental (tres por tratamiento) tenía dos adultos. Cada uno de los dos conjuntos de experimentos duró aproximadamente 60 días. Resultados: Observamos una baja mortalidad en los primeros 30 días en todos los sistemas y, después de 30 días, fue mayor en aquellos con aire bombeado al sedimento (sistema A en el primer conjunto de experimentos y sistema FA en el segundo). Conclusiones: Para experimentos de 30 días, nuestros cuatro sistemas son adecuados. Para períodos más largos, recomendamos acuarios con flujo de agua de mar y sin bombas de aire en el sedimento.

Infectious events in kidney transplant recipients from deceased expanded criteria donors: a prospective cohort / Eventos infecciosos en receptores de trasplante renal de donante fallecido con criterios expandidos: cohorte prospectiva / Eventos infecciosos em receptores de transplante renal de doador falecido com critério expandido: coorte prospectiva

ABSTRACT Objective: Analyze risk factors for infection in kidney transplant recipients from deceased expanded criteria donors (DECD) in the first two years of follow-up. Method: This is a prospective cohort study with 466 patients from DECD who underwent kidney transplantation in 2015 and 2016 in Brazil. A total of 551 events were recorded. The largest incidence of infectious events occurred in the first month after kidney transplantation. Cytomegalovirus infection was the most common infectious episode. Results: The incidence rate of infections was 57.1%. Among bacterial infections, only 4% were due to multidrug-resistant microorganisms. The death rate was 3.3% (15) patients. The main cause of death was infectious (73.3%). Hospitalization until the first infection (aOR:1.61), Number of infections in 1 year (aOR:40.16), and Cytomegalovirus infection (aOR:13.84) was risk factors for infection by multidrug resistant microorganisms (MDR). Conclusion: Infection incidence with MDR bacteria was high among kidney transplant recipients from DECD, and the main cause of death was infection. Survival was high among patients with infection.

RESUMEN Objetivo: Analizar los factores de riesgo de infección en receptores de trasplante renal de donante fallecido con criterios expandidos (DFCE) en los dos primeros años de seguimiento. Método: Estudio prospectivo de cohorte con 466 pacientes con DFCE sometidos a trasplante renal, en 2015 y 2016, en Brasil. Se registraron un total de 551 eventos. La mayor incidencia de eventos infecciosos ocurrió en el primer mes después del trasplante de riñón. La infección por citomegalovirus fue el episodio infeccioso más común. Resultados: La tasa de incidencia de infecciones fue del 57,1%. Entre las infecciones bacterianas, solo el 4% se debió a microorganismos multirresistentes. La tasa de mortalidad fue del 3,3% (15) pacientes. La principal causa de muerte fue infecciosa (73,3%). La hospitalización hasta la primera infección (ORa: 1,61), el número de infecciones en 1 año (ORa: 40,16) y la infección por citomegalovirus (ORa: 13,84) fueron factores de riesgo de infección por microorganismos multirresistentes (MR). Conclusión: La incidencia de infección bacteriana por MR fue alta entre los receptores de trasplante renal DFCE y la principal causa de muerte fue la infección. La supervivencia fue alta entre los pacientes con infección.

RESUMO Objetivo: Analisar fatores de risco para infecção em receptores de transplante renal de doador falecido com critério expandido (DFCE) nos primeiros dois anos de seguimento. Método: Trata-se de estudo de coorte prospectivo, com 466 pacientes do DFCE submetidos a transplante renal, em 2015 e 2016, no Brasil. Um total de 551 eventos foram registrados. A maior incidência de eventos infecciosos ocorreu no primeiro mês após o transplante renal. A infecção por citomegalovírus foi o episódio infeccioso mais comum. Resultados: A taxa de incidência de infecções foi de 57,1%. Entre as infecções bacterianas, apenas 4% foram devidas a microrganismos multirresistentes. A taxa de mortalidade foi de 3,3% (15) pacientes. A principal causa de morte foi infecciosa (73,3%). Hospitalização até a primeira infecção (ORa: 1,61), número de infecções em 1 ano (ORa: 40,16) e infecção por citomegalovírus (ORa: 13,84) foram fatores de risco para infecção por microrganismos multirresistentes (MR). Conclusão: A incidência de infecção por bactérias MR foi alta entre receptores de transplante renal de DFCE, e a principal causa de morte foi infecção. A sobrevivência foi alta entre os pacientes com infecção.

Tumor de células germinales mixto de ovario y una inusual combinación / Mixed ovarian germ cell tumor, an unusual combination

Resumen ANTECEDENTES: Los tumores de células germinales del ovario son poco frecuentes. Desde el punto de vista clínico y biológico son heterogéneos. Están formados por varios tipos de tumores histopatológicamente diferentes, que derivan de células primitivas y que se anidan de forma ectópica, proliferan y sufren transformación maligna. CASO CLÍNICO: Paciente de 10 años llevada a la consulta debido a la pérdida de peso en un periodo corto, dolor abdominal y aumento del perímetro abdominal. En la exploración se encontró una tumoración abdominopélvica de 20 x 20 cm, fija, pétrea, con un ganglio cervical izquierdo palpable. Los marcadores tumorales reportaron: alfafetoproteína 1104 ng/mL, B-HCG 865.6 mUi/mL. La TAC mostró una lesión que ocupaba el abdomen y la pelvis con densidad heterogénea de 14 x 12 x 10 cm. Se intervino para extirpación del tumor y enseguida se le indicó un esquema de quimiterapia. El reporte de patología reportó ser una tumoración germinal mixta con 5 tipos histológicos, muy agresiva, que terminó con la vida de la paciente 9 meses después. CONCLUSIÓN: Los tumores malignos de las células germinales son extremadamente malignos y de crecimiento rápido, con un pico de incidencia en niñas, adolescentes y mujeres jóvenes. Los síntomas se relacionan con el crecimiento rápido que se caracteriza por dolor pélvico-abdominal relacionado con la distensión capsular, hemorragia o necrosis. La estadificación quirúrgica es el primer paso en el tratamiento del cáncer de células germinales de ovario. La tasa de supervivencia es mayor de 95% en etapa temprana (l-ll), 80% en etapa lll y 60% en etapa lV, por lo que el diagnóstico y tratamiento oportuno son lo más importante.

Abstract BACKGROUND: Ovarian germ cell tumors are rare, clinically and biologically heterogeneous tumors, formed by several types of histopathologically different tumors that derive from primitive cells and that are nested ectopically, proliferate and undergo malignant transformation. CLINICAL CASE: A 10-year-old patient who came to consult for weight loss and abdominal pain as well as an increase in abdominal perimeter of rapid growth. A fixed abdominal tumor of 20 x 20 cm is scanned and found, as well as palpable left cervical lymph node. Tumor markers showing alphafetoprotein were taken. 1104 ng/mL, B-HCG 865.6 mUi/mL. The CT scan showed a lesion that occupies abdomen and pelvis with a heterogeneous density of 14 x 12 x 10 cm. It was decided to intervene surgically and complement with chemotherapy; The pathology report reported being a mixed germ tumor with 5 very aggressive histological types that ended with the patient´s life 9 months later. CONCLUSION: Malignant germ cell tumors are extremely malignant and rapidly growing, with a peak incidence in girls, adolescents and young women. Symptoms are related to rapid growth characterized by pelvic-abdominal pain related to capsular distention, hemorrhage or necrosis. Surgical staging is the first step in the treatment of ovarian germ cell cancer. The survival rate is greater than 95% in early stage (l-ll), 80% in stage lll and 60% in stage lV, so the diagnosis and timely treatment is the most important.

Meningoencefalitis por herpes simple: una visión de la infección viral que causa el mayor compromiso cerebral / Herpes simplex virus encephalitis: an overview of the viral infection causing the greatest brain compromise

La inflamación del sistema nervioso central secundaria a la infección por la familia herpesviridae puede generar un compromiso difuso del parénquima encefálico, la cual puede ser fatal en ausencia de un rápido diagnóstico y tratamiento. Objetivo: revisar las diferentes características biológicas, fisiopatológicas, clínicas, terapéuticas y pronóstico del meningoencefalitis causada por VHS-1 y 2. Materiales y métodos: revisión de la literatura científica (revisión crítica), llevada a cabo mediante las bases de datos Medline y buscadores específicos IMBIOMED, PUBMEDE, SCIENCEDIRECT, SCIELO, con un total de 150 artículos, se priorizaron 67 los cuales fueron leídos a profundidad. Resultados y discusión: debido el neurotropismo del herpes virus simple puede causar neuroinvasividad, neurotoxicidad y latencia en el SNC. Por sus características semiológicas inespecíficas se requiere un estudio exhaustivo para lograr el diagnóstico acertado. Los métodos actuales tales como neuroimágenes y PCR han aportado al esclarecimiento del diagnóstico etiológico de esta patología. La detección temprana de la entidad y la instauración precoz del tratamiento, se asocian con un aumento en la tasa de supervivencia y a una disminución de las secuelas neurológicas. Conclusión: conocer la biología del virus, su comportamiento, las características clínicas y el tratamiento de la entidad es una estrategia eficaz para disminuir secuelas y desenlaces fatales.

Central nervous system (CNS) inflammation secondary to an infection by the Herpesviridae family may generate a diffuse compromise of the encephalic parenchyma which may be fatal in the absence of a rapid diagnosis and prompt institution of treatment. Objective: to review the biological, physiopathology, clinical and therapeutic characteristics and prognosis of encephalitis caused by HSV-1 and HSV-2 viruses. Materials and Methods: a scientific literature review (critical review), in the Medline scientific database and IMBIOMED, PUBMEDE, SCIENCEDIRECT, SCIELO search engines, obtaining 150 results limited to 67 articles read in detail. Results and Discussion: herpes simplex virus is neurotropic and may cause invasion, toxicity and latent infection of the CNS. Due to its unspecific symptoms a thorough diagnostic workup is required to achieve a correct diagnosis. Current methods such as neuroimaging studies and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) examination have contributed to elucidate the etiologic virus. A rapid detection and prompt treatment is associated with an increase in the survival rate and decrease in neurologic sequelae. Conclusion: understanding the biology, behavior, clinical manifestations and treatment of this viral infection is an efficient strategy to prevent sequelae and reduce fatal outcomes.

Caracterización de los marcos técnicos normativos contables y financieros de las sociedades comerciales, en Santiago de Cali, a diciembre 31 de 2016 / Caracterização da contabilidade técnica normativa e dos quadros financeiros de empresas comerciais, em Santiago de Cali, em 31 de dezembro de 2016 / Characterization of the normative technical accounting and financial frameworks of commercial companies, in Santiago de Cali, on December 31, 2016

Resumen El objetivo principal fue caracterizar los marcos técnicos normativos contables de estas organizaciones bajo la aplicación de la Ley 1314 de 2009, el Decreto 2420 de 2015 y sus modificatorios. Se muestra el ámbito de aplicación de estas sociedades, respecto a las normas técnicas contables y financieras. En la metodología, se empleó el estudio exploratorio, aplicando los parámetros de clasificación del Decreto 2420 de 2015, de la Ley 1314 de 2009. Entre los hallazgos están: el 1% de las sociedades comerciales está catalogada en el Grupo 1, las cuales aplican Normas de Contabilidad y de Información Financiera (NCIF); 39,96% está en el Grupo 2 y aplica las Normas de Información Financiera para PYMES; 59,03% está en el Grupo 3, con el modelo de contabilidad renuncia simplificada, designado para las microempresas Clasificación JEL: M100, M400, M410, M480.

Abstract The main objective was to characterize the technical regulatory frameworks of these organizations under the application of Law 1 314 of 2009, Decree 2420 of 2015 and its amendments; showing the scope of application of these companies in terms of technical accounting and financial standards. The methodology used was through an exploratory study in which the classification parameters of Decree 2420 of 2015, of Law 1314 of 2009 were applied. It was found that 1% of commercial companies are listed in Group 1 and apply Accounting and Financial Information Standards (NCIF); 39.96% do so with those of Group 2 and apply the Financial Information Standards for SMEs; 59.03%, those of Group 3, in the simplified resignation accounting model, designated for microenterprises JEL Classification: M100, M400, M410, M480

Resumo O objetivo principal foi caracterizar os quadros normativos técnicos contábeis dessas organizações sob a aplicação da Lei 1314 de 2009, Decreto 2420 de 2015 e suas alterações. O escopo de aplicação dessas empresas é mostrado, com relação aos padrões técnicos contábeis e financeiros. Na metodologia, utilizou-se o estudo exploratório, aplicando os parâmetros de classificação do Decreto 2420 de 2015, da Lei 1314 de 2009. Entre os achados estão: 1% das empresas comerciais estão listadas no Grupo 1, que se aplica Normas de Informação Contábil e Financeira (NCIF); 39,96% estão no Grupo 2 e aplicam as Normas de Informações Financeiras para PMEs; 59,03% estão no Grupo 3, com o modelo simplificado de contabilidade de renúncia, designado para microempresas. Classificações JEL: M100, M400, M410, M480.

Trasplante pulmonar en pacientes con fibrosis pulmonar: experiencia del Instituto Nacional del Tórax / Lung transplantation in pulmonary fibrosis: an experience from National Institute of Thorax, Chile

Resumen La fibrosis pulmonar es una enfermedad progresiva y de mal pronóstico por lo que el trasplante pulmonar sigue siendo una opción para pacientes bien seleccionados. Objetivo: Evaluar resultados y sobrevida de pacientes con fibrosis pulmonar trasplantados a 8 años de inicio del programa de trasplante. Métodos: Estudio descriptivo de trasplantados de pulmón por fibrosis pulmonar desde agosto de 2010 a julio de 2018. Resultados: De un total de 76 trasplantes, un 68,4% han sido en pacientes con fibrosis pulmonar. La principal indicación fue fibrosis pulmonar idiopática (75%). El puntaje de priorización pulmonar (LAS) promedio fue de 53 y un 32% cumplía con criterios de urgencia. La edad promedio fue 55 años, y se usó técnica unipulmonar en un 98%. La principal complicación quirúrgica fue la estenosis bronquial (7,6%). De las complicaciones médicas precoces destacaron 26 episodios infecciosos y 6 rechazos celulares agudos. La principal complicación tardía fue la disfunción crónica de injerto. Los resultados funcionales promedio pre trasplante, a 1 y 3 años fueron: CVF de 49%, 71% y 70% del valor teórico. Un 40% ha fallecido en el período de seguimiento. La principal causa de mortalidad el primer año post trasplante fueron las infecciones. La sobrevida a 1, 3 y 5 años fue de 86,2%, 65,2% y 59,8% respectivamente. Conclusiones: En trasplante monopulmonar es una opción de tratamiento en estos pacientes, con una sobrevida de 59% a 5 años. Un tercio se trasplanta con criterios de urgencia, siendo las infecciones la principal complicación precoz y la disfunción crónica de injerto la complicación tardía más frecuente.

Pulmonary fibrosis is a progressive disease with a bad prognosis. This situation makes rise lung transplant as a therapeutic option among carefully selected patients. Objective: Evaluate the results and survival rates of patients with pulmonary fibrosis that were transplanted through an 8 years period of follow-up, from the beginning of our transplant program. Methods: Descriptive study of the transplanted patients diagnosed with pulmonary fibrosis from august 2010 to july 2018. Results: Out of 76 transplants, 68.4% were due to pulmonary fibrosis, among these, the main diagnosis was idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (75%). The average lung allocation score (LAS) was 53 and 32% of them had urgency criteria. Patients ' age averaged 55 years-old and 98% of them underwent a single lung transplant. Early medical complications were seen in 26 patients with infectious episodes and 6 with acute rejection. The main late complication was chronic allograft dysfunction. The main surgical complication was bronchial stenosis (7.6%). In comparison to its base line reference values FVC means pre transplant and 1 and 3 years post-transplant were 49%, 70% and 71% respectively. A 40% of patients died during follow up period. Infections were the main cause of mortality during the first year. Survival rates at 1st 3rd and 5th year were 86,2%; 65.2% and 59.8% respectively. Conclusions: Single lung transplant is a therapeutic option for patients with interstitial lung disease with a 59% survival rate in 5 years, 1/3 fulfilled urgency criteria at the transplant time. The infections were the main early complication and chronic graft dysfunction was the main late complication.

Tasa de supervivencia de implantes de zirconio puro y aleación de titanio y zirconio: Revisión sistemática / Survival Rate of pure zirconia and titanium zirconium alloy implants: Systematic Review / Taxa de Sobrevida de implantes de zircônia pura e liga de titânio e zircônio: Revisão Sistemática

Objetivo: revisar sistemáticamente en la literatura tasa de supervivencia de los implantes de circonio y aleación de titanio y circonio (Ti-Zr). Métodos: los estudios clínicos de las bases de datos Pubmed, Embase y Cochrane fueron selecciona-dos por tres investigadores con criterios de inclusión: implantes de aleación de circonia o Ti-Zr, con un mínimo de un año de seguimiento evaluando las tasas de supervivencia y criterios de exclusión: laboratorio, Cigomáticos y pacientes con enfermedades sistémicas. El acuerdo entre los examinadores se evaluó mediante la prueba estadística Kappa. Realizamos un análisis de heterogeneidad i2, un modelo de efectos aleatorios y fijos que utiliza las tasas de supervivencia de ambos tipos de implantes y el análisis del riesgo de sesgo (bias). Resultados: se encontraron 1755 artículos de la búsqueda inicial y se incluyeron 23 estudios. El acuerdo entre examinadores de la prueba kappa fue del 72%. La tasa de supervivencia de la aleación de titanio y la aleación de circonia fue del 97% y del 90.3% para los implantes de circonio. En ambos tipos de modelos, la tasa de supervivencia del tipo de implante TiZr fue ligeramente superior a la de los otros tipos de implantes y el intervalo de confianza del 95%. El análisis del riesgo de sesgo mostró bajo riesgo. Conclusión: Los datos obtenidos en este estudio muestran que los implantes de aleación TiZr e Zr presentaron altas tasas de supervivencia, aún así, se necesitan estudios clínicos con un seguimiento más prolongado para respaldar el uso de los implantes Zr.

Objective: to systematically review in dental literature the survival rate of Zirconium and titanium zirconium alloy (Ti-Zr) implants. Methods: Clinical studies from the Pubmed, Embase and Cochrane databases, were selected by three researchers with inclusion criteria: Zirconia or Ti-Zr alloy implants, with a minimum of 1 year of follow-up evaluating survival rates, and exclusion criteria: laboratory, zygomatic and patients with systemic diseases. The agreement between the examiners was evaluated using the Kappa statistical test. We perform an i2 heterogeneity analysis, a random and fixed effect model using survival rates of both types of implants and Cochrane risk of bias tool. Results: 1755 articles were found from the ini-tial search and 23 studies were included. Inter examiner agreement of kappa test was 72%. The survival rate of the titanium alloy and zirconia alloy was 97% and 90.3% for zirconia implants. In both types of models, the survival rate of the TiZr implant type was slightly higher than the other types of implants, and the 95% confidence interval. Analysis of risk of bias showed low risk. Conclusion: The data obtained in this study shows that TiZr alloy Zr implants presented high survival rates, furthermore clinical studies with longer follow-up are necessary to support the use of Zr implants.

Objetivo: revisar sistematicamente, na literatura odontológica, a taxa de sobrevida de implantes de zircônio e ligas de titânio-zircônio (Ti-Zr). Métodos: Estudos clínicos das bases de dados Pubmed, Embase e Cochrane foram selecionados por três pesquisadores com critérios de inclusão: implantes de zircônia ou Ti-Zr, com um mínimo de 1 ano de seguimento, avaliando taxas de sobrevida e critérios de exclusão: laboratório, zigomático e pacientes com doenças sistêmicas. A concor-dância entre os examinadores foi avaliada pelo teste estatístico Kappa. Realizamos uma análise de heterogeneidade i2, um modelo de efeito aleatório e fixo usando as taxas de sobrevivência de ambos os tipos de implantes e a ferramenta de risco de viés da Cochrane. Resultados: 1755 artigos foram encontrados na busca inicial e 23 estudos foram incluídos. A concordân-cia entre examinadores do teste kappa foi de 72%. A taxa de sobrevida da liga de Ti-Zr foi 97% e 90,3% para implantes de zircônia. Em ambos os tipos de modelos, a taxa de sobrevivência do tipo de implante TiZr foi ligeiramente superior aos de Zr com um intervalo de confiança de 95%. A análise do risco de viés foi baixo. Conclusão: Os dados obtidos neste estudo mostram que os implantes de liga TiZr e Zr apresentaram altas taxas de sobrevivência, porém estudos clínicos com maior tempo de seguimento são necessários para apoiar o uso de implantes de Zr.

Depredación del borrego Ovis canadensis (Artiodactila: Bovidae) y el venado bura Odocoileus hemionus (Artiodactila: Cervidae) por Puma concolor (Carnivora: Felidae) en Coahuila, México / Predation of bighorn sheep, Ovis canadensis (Artiodactila: Bovidae) and mule deer, Odocoileus hemionus (Artiodactila: Cervidae) by Puma concolor (Carnivora: Felidae) in Coahuila, México

Resumen Pequeñas y aisladas poblaciones de borrego cimarrón (Ovis canadensis; especie sujeta a protección especial) son susceptibles a la depredación en hábitat simpátrico con venado bura. Entender las causas específicas de muerte y supervivencia es importante para el desarrollo de estrategias de conservación para el borrego cimarrón y otros ungulados que comparten el mismo hábitat, tal como el venado bura (Odocoileus hemionus). El objetivo de este estudio fue evaluar la tasa de depredación por puma (Puma concolor) en el borrego cimarrón y compararla con la del venado bura, para conocer la selección de presa del puma entre estas dos especies en un mismo hábitat, así como el impacto que podría tener en las poblaciones. Se plantea la hipótesis de que el puma como depredador oportunista no discrimina entre especies de ungulados simpátricos generando mayor impacto a la especie de menor densidad. Evaluamos la tasa de depredación por puma en 12 borregos cimarrones (10 hembras, 2 machos) y de 10 hembras adultas de venado bura con radio collares a través de micromorts y se comparó por medio una prueba de Wilcoxon, más la estimación de densidades de borrego y venados. Encontramos resultados similares en la causa específica de muerte por puma y supervivencia en ambas especies; 88 % (8/9) muertes debido a depredación por puma en borrego cimarrón con una tasa de supervivencia mensual promedio de 0.79 y una tasa mensual de depredación que va del rango 0.17-0.30. En venado bura la depredación debido a puma fue 83 % (5/6) con una tasa de supervivencia mensual promedio de 0.86 y una tasa de depredación por puma mensual en el rangos 0.10-0.25. Sin embargo, al comparar con la tasa de depredación por puma encontramos una diferencia significativa (Z = 1.826; df = 6; P = 0.05) siendo el borrego cimarrón la presa más selecta. En este estudio se concluye que el puma seleccionó a la presa de menor densidad (borrego cimarrón) y por ende la más impactada en un hábitat simpátrico con venado bura.(AU)

Abstract Small and isolated populations of bighorn sheep are vulnerable to predation by mountain lion in habitat sympatric with mule deer. Understanding the specific causes of death and survival is important for the development of conservation strategies for bighorn sheep and other ungulates that share the same habitat, such as mule deer. We evaluated and compared the rate of predation by puma in 12 bighorn sheep (10 females, two males) and 10 adult females of mule deer with radio collars through measure risk program (micromorts). The impact of predation in both populations of herbivores is evaluated through the estimation of densities of sheep and mule deer. 88 % (8/9) deaths by puma in bighorn sheep with an average monthly survival rate of 0.79 and predation rates due to puma range from 0.17 to 0.30. In mule deer predation due to puma was 83 % (5/6) with an average monthly survival rate of 0.86 and predation rates due to puma range from 0.10 to 0.25, however when comparing the mountain lion depredation rate we found a significant difference between species (Z = 1.826, df = 6, P = 0.05). The density in mule deer was 9x more that bighorn. The bighorn sheep being the prey most selected and the one most affected as the population with the lowest density.(AU)

Cumulative incidence and predictive factors of radiation cystitis in patients with localized prostate cancer. / La incidencia acumulada y los factores predictivos de la cistitis rádica en pacientes con cáncer de próstata localizado.

PURPOSE: To determine the cumulative incidence of overall and severe radiation cystitis in a high volume cohort of patients and to investigate its potential predictive factors. METHODS: We have performed a retrospective analysis of clinical data from patients diagnosed with localized prostate cancer and treated with radiotherapy at our institution (June 2005-January 2013), and quantified the cumulative incidence of radiation cystitis. Cox regression analysis and Kaplan-Meier curves were computed to evaluate the determinants of radiation cystitis. RESULTS: Data from 783 patients was retrieved (557 treated with primary radiotherapy, 188 with adjuvant and 38 with salvage). Median follow-up time was 49 months (P25-P75: 31.8-69.3). At 5 years of follow-up, cumulative incidence of overall and severe radiation cystitis was 9.1 and 1.6%, respectively. No association was found between the incidence of radiation cystitis and age, tumor T stage, baseline PSA level, Gleason score, D'Amico risk classification, radiotherapy setting (primary versus adjuvant versus salvage) or radiation dose applied. CONCLUSIONS: Within our cohort, radiation cystitis is an uncommon complication of prostatic radiotherapy treatment, and severe cases requiring hospitalization are even more infrequent. We found no association between tumor characteristics, radiotherapy setting or radiation dose and the cumulative incidence of radiation cystitis.

The ART-SCORE is not an effective tool for optimizing patient selection for DEB-TACE retreatment. A multicentre Spanish study.

INTRODUCTION: The appropriate selection of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) patients who are eligible for transarterial chemoembolization (TACE) remains a challenge. The ART score has recently been proposed as a method of identifying patients who are eligible or not for a second TACE procedure. OBJECTIVE: To assess the validity of the Assessment for Retreatment with TACE (ART) score in a cohort of patients treated with drug-eluting bead TACE (DEB-TACE). SECONDARY OBJECTIVE: to identify clinical determinants associated with overall survival (OS). METHOD: A retrospective, multicentre study conducted in Spain in patients with HCC having undergone two or more DEB-TACE procedures between January 2009 and December 2014. The clinical characteristics and OS from the day before the second DEB-TACE of patients with a high ART score (ART≥2.5) and a low ART score (ART 0-1) were compared. Risk factors for mortality were identified using Cox's proportional hazards model. RESULTS: Of the 102 patients included, 51 scored 0-1.5 and 51 scored ≥2.5. Hepatitis C was more frequent in patients scoring ≥2.5. Median OS from the day before the second DEB-TACE was 21 months (95% CI, 15-28) in the group scoring 0-1.5, and 17 months (95% CI, 10-25) in the group scoring ≥2.5 (P=0.3562). Platelet count and tumour size, but not the ART score, were independent baseline predictors of OS. CONCLUSIONS: The ART score is not suitable for guiding DEB-TACE retreatment according to Spanish clinical practice standards.

Survival and mortality from oral cancer by anatomical location: a narrative review / Supervivencia y mortalidad por cáncer oral según localización anatómica: revisión narrativa

Abstract: oral cancer is a global problem. It is the sixth most frequent cancer among all types of cancer and can affect different areas of the oral cavity. Survival rates are influenced by various factors, such as: histological type, tumor size, presence of regional and/or distance metastases, and the biological status of the patient. According to WHO, survival rate from oral cancer at 5 years is 53-56 percent. The objective of this review is to describe the survival and mortality rate from oral cancer by anatomical location at national and global scale. Globally, the survival rate for cancer located at the lips, tongue, floor of the mouth, palate, jaws, alveolar ridge and salivary glands ranges from 0 percent to 100 percent. However, Chile has not reported the survival rate for different anatomical locations. No information was found in relation to mortality rates for different anatomical locations in Chile and in the world. It is considered that oral cancer affecting the tongue, floor of the mouth, palate and alveolar ridge have the worst prognosis, and conversely, those affecting the lower lip have the best prognosis.

Resumen: el cáncer oral es un problema a nivel mundial, alcanzando el 6to lugar en frecuencia entre todos los tipos de cáncer, pudiendo afectar a distintas zonas de la cavidad oral. Las tasas de supervivencia están influenciadas por diversos factores, tales como: tipo histológico, tamaño del tumor, presencia de metástasis regional y/o distancia y el estado biológico del paciente. Según la OMS, la tasa de supervivencia del cáncer oral a los 5 años es de 53 a 56 por ciento. El objetivo de esta revisión es describir la tasa de supervivencia y mortalidad del cáncer oral según zona anatómica afectada a nivel mundial y nacional. A nivel mundial, la tasa de supervivencia para las localizaciones de labio, lengua, piso de boca, paladar, huesos maxilares, reborde alveolar y glándulas salivares variaron entre un 0 por ciento a 100 por ciento. Sin embargo, en Chile no se ha reportado la tasa de supervivencia para las diferentes localizaciones anatómicas. En el mundo y en nuestro país, no se encontró información relacionada con tasa de mortalidad para las distintas zonas anatómicas. Se considera que las neoplasias orales que afectan la lengua, el piso de boca, el paladar y el reborde alveolar son las de peor pronóstico, y que por el contrario, las que afectan al labio inferior son los de mejor pronóstico.